Systems and methods for air cart pressurization monitoring

ABSTRACT

In one embodiment, a pneumatic distribution system configured to distribute a granular product to an agricultural implement includes a first pressure sensor, a second pressure sensor, and a controller. The first pressure sensor is configured to be fluidly coupled to a storage tank configured to store the granular product and positioned upstream of the meter roller. The first pressure sensor is configured to output a first signal indicative of a first static pressure in the storage tank. The second pressure sensor is configured to be fluidly coupled to a component of the pneumatic distribution system, downstream of the meter roller. The second pressure sensor is configured to output a second signal indicative of a second static pressure downstream of the meter roller. The controller is communicatively coupled to the first pressure sensor and to the second pressure sensor. The controller is configured to determine a pressure differential, wherein the pressure differential is the difference between the first static pressure and the second static pressure. The controller may also be configured to generate a first warning when the first static pressure is below a threshold value and output the first warning to an operator interface, generate a second warning when the pressure differential is below a desired range and output the second warning to the operator interface, and generate a third warning when the pressure differential is above the desired range and output the third warning to the operator interface.

BACKGROUND

The invention relates generally to an agricultural product distributionsystem, and more particularly, to monitoring the pneumatic distributionof a granular product.

Generally, a seeding implement (e.g., a seeder) may be towed behind anoff-road vehicle, such as a tractor, via a mounting bracket secured to arigid frame of the seeding implement. The seeding implement may includemultiple row units distributed across a width of the implement. Morespecifically, each row unit may deposit seeds at a desired depth beneaththe soil surface of a field as the seeding implement is towed. Forexample, each row unit may include a ground engaging tool or opener thatforms a seeding path (e.g., trench) into the soil. A seed tube may thendeposit a granular product, such as seeds and/or fertilizer, into thetrench. As the row unit travels through the field, closing discs maymove excavated soil back into the trench covering the granular product.In this manner, rows of seeds may be planted.

In certain configurations, the granular product may be delivered to therow units of the seeding implement via an agricultural productdistribution system (e.g., an air cart). Unfortunately, pressurevariations within the system may affect distribution of the granularproduct, which may in turn reduce farming efficiency.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION

Certain embodiments commensurate in scope with the originally claimedinvention are summarized below. These embodiments are not intended tolimit the scope of the claimed invention, but rather these embodimentsare intended only to provide a brief summary of possible forms of theinvention. Indeed, the invention may encompass a variety of forms thatmay be similar to or different from the embodiments set forth below.

In one embodiment, a pneumatic distribution system configured todistribute a granular product to an agricultural implement includes afirst pressure sensor, a second pressure sensor, and a controller. Thefirst pressure sensor is configured to be fluidly coupled to a storagetank configured to store the granular product and positioned upstream ofthe meter roller. The first pressure sensor is configured to output afirst signal indicative of a first static pressure in the storage tank.The second pressure sensor is configured to be fluidly coupled to acomponent of the pneumatic distribution system, downstream of the meterroller. The second pressure sensor is configured to output a secondsignal indicative of a second static pressure downstream of the meterroller. The controller is communicatively coupled to the first pressuresensor and to the second pressure sensor. The controller is configuredto determine a pressure differential, wherein the pressure differentialis the difference between the first static pressure and the secondstatic pressure. The controller may also be configured to generate afirst warning when the first static pressure is below a threshold valueand output the first warning to an operator interface, generate a secondwarning when the pressure differential is below a desired range andoutput the second warning to the operator interface, and generate athird warning when the pressure differential is above the desired rangeand output the third warning to the operator interface.

In another embodiment, a pneumatic distribution system configured todistribute a granular product to an agricultural implement includes adifferential pressure sensor and a controller. The differential pressuresensor is configured to be fluidly coupled to a storage tank configuredto store the granular product and to a component of the pneumaticdistribution system downstream of a meter roller. The differentialpressure sensor is configured to output a signal indicative of apressure differential across the meter roller. The controller iscommunicatively coupled to the differential pressure sensor and isconfigured to generate a first warning when the pressure differential isbelow a desired range and output the first warning to an operatorinterface, and generate a second warning when the pressure differentialis above the desired range and output the second warning to the operatorinterface.

In a further embodiment, a method of monitoring a pneumatic distributionsystem configured to distribute a granular product to an agriculturalimplement includes receiving, at a processor, one or more signals fromone or more pressure sensors, indicative of a pressure differentialacross a meter roller, generating, using the processor, an insufficientpressure differential warning when the pressure differential is below adesired range and outputting the insufficient pressure differentialwarning to an operator interface, and generating, using the processor,an excessive pressure differential warning when the pressuredifferential is above a desired range and outputting the excessivepressure differential warning to the operator interface.

DRAWINGS

These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the presentinvention will become better understood when the following detaileddescription is read with reference to the accompanying drawings in whichlike characters represent like parts throughout the drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a side view of an air cart, including an agricultural productdistribution system, in accordance with an embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the agricultural product distributionsystem of FIG. 1, in accordance with an embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a side view of one meter bank of the agricultural productdistribution system, in accordance with an embodiment;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a portion of the meter bank shown inFIG. 3, in accordance with an embodiment;

FIG. 5 is a perspective detail view of a portion of the meter bank shownin FIGS. 3 and 4, in accordance with an embodiment;

FIG. 6 is a detail side view of a portion of the meter bank, inaccordance with an embodiment;

FIG. 7 is a flow chart of a process for monitoring pressures in anagricultural distribution system, in accordance with an embodiment;

FIG. 8 is a screen that may be displayed to an operator via a display ofan operator interface, in accordance with an embodiment;

FIG. 9 is a screen showing an insufficient tank pressure (PS1) warning,in accordance with an embodiment;

FIG. 10 is a screen showing an insufficient pressure differential (ΔP)warning, in accordance with an embodiment;

FIG. 11 is a screen showing an excessive ΔP warning, in accordance withan embodiment;

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of an alternate embodiment of anagricultural product distribution system, in accordance with anembodiment; and

FIG. 13 is a flow chart of a process for monitoring the ΔP across ameter roller in an agricultural product distribution system, inaccordance with an embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

One or more specific embodiments of the present disclosure will bedescribed below. In an effort to provide a concise description of theseembodiments, all features of an actual implementation may not bedescribed in the specification. It should be appreciated that in thedevelopment of any such actual implementation, as in any engineering ordesign project, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be madeto achieve the developers' specific goals, such as compliance withsystem-related and business-related constraints, which may vary from oneimplementation to another. Moreover, it should be appreciated that sucha development effort might be complex and time consuming, but wouldnevertheless be a routine undertaking of design, fabrication, andmanufacture for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of thisdisclosure.

When introducing elements of various embodiments of the presentdisclosure, the articles “a,” “an,” “the,” and “said” are intended tomean that there are one or more of the elements. The terms “comprising,”“including,” and “having” are intended to be inclusive and mean thatthere may be additional elements other than the listed elements. Anyexamples of operating parameters and/or environmental conditions are notexclusive of other parameters/conditions of the disclosed embodiments.

Generally an agricultural product distribution system may include atowable agricultural implement to deposit a granular product into thesoil. As used herein, the granular product may be any suitableparticulate material that is desired to be deposited into the ground,such as various types of seeds and fertilizers. However, to simplify thefollowing discussion, the product will be described as seeds.Nevertheless, one of ordinary skill in the art would recognize that thetechniques described herein may be easily adapted for use with otherproducts.

More specifically, the agricultural implement may include row units thatopen the soil, dispense the granular product into the soil opening, andre-close the soil as the agricultural implement is towed across a field,for example, by an off-road work vehicle, such as a tractor.Additionally, the agricultural product distribution system may includean air cart that distributes the granular product to the row units onthe agricultural implement. More specifically, in some embodiments, oneor more metering assemblies on the air cart may pneumatically distributethe granular product to the row units. For example, the meteringassemblies may control output of the granular product from a storagetank into an air stream, which is then delivered to the row units viapneumatic lines (e.g., including one or more primary lines coupled tothe air cart) that fluidly connect the metering assembly to the rowunits.

Over its length, the cross-sectional area of the primary lines maychange (e.g., due to shrinking). As such, pressure variations in theprimary lines may be induced by the Venturi effect. Certain differencesbetween the static pressure upstream of the metering assembly (e.g., inthe storage tank) and the static pressure downstream of the meteringassembly, as a result of the Venturi effect or other factors, may havean undesirable effect on the flow rate of the granular product out ofthe storage tank and into the primary line. For example, when thepressure differential across the metering assembly (ΔP) is greater thanthe desired value range, the granular product may flow out of the tankat a higher rate than desired. Alternatively, when ΔP is lower than thedesired value range, the granular product may flow out of the storagetank at a lower rate than desired.

Accordingly, as will be described in more detail below, embodimentsdescribed herein may improve the product flow consistency of the productdistribution system by generating an alert for an operator when ΔP isoutside of a desired range. For example, one embodiment includes apneumatic distribution system configured to distribute a granularproduct to an agricultural implement and having at least two pressuresensors and a controller. A first pressure sensor is positioned upstreamof a metering assembly and a second pressure sensor is positioneddownstream of the metering assembly to facilitate monitoring of ΔP. Forexample, a first pressure sensor is fluidly coupled to a granularproduct storage tank and outputs a first signal indicative of a firststatic pressure in the storage tank. A second pressure sensor may befluidly coupled to a meter housing. The second pressure sensor outputs asecond signal indicative of a second static pressure in the meterhousing (e.g., the static pressure at an edge of a meter roller). Inaddition, or as an alternative to the second pressure sensor, one ormore pressure sensors (e.g., third and/or fourth pressure sensors) maybe fluidly coupled to each of the primary lines that pneumaticallydeliver the granular product to the agricultural implement. Each of theprimary lines may deliver the granular product to the agriculturalimplement by guiding an air stream from a first section of the primaryline with a larger cross-sectional area to a second section of theprimary line with a smaller cross-sectional area, and then to a largercross-sectional area section that provides the product to the row units.In some embodiment, the third pressure sensor outputs a third signalindicative of a third static pressure in the second section of the firstprimary line, and the fourth pressure sensor outputs a fourth signalindicative of a fourth static pressure in the second section of thesecond primary line. It should be understood, however, that anycombination of sensors may be possible. For example, the disclosedtechniques may utilize the first sensor and the second sensor, or thefirst sensor, the third sensor, and the fourth sensor, or somecombination thereof. The controller, which communicates with thepressure sensors, monitors the pressures in the system and generateswarnings for an operator based on the monitored pressures (e.g., whenthe monitored pressures fall outside of desired ranges).

To help illustrate, a side view of an embodiment of an air cart 10 thatmay be used in conjunction with a towable agricultural implement todeposit seeds into the soil is shown in FIG. 1. More specifically, theair cart 10 may be used to centrally store seeds and distribute theseeds to the agricultural implement. Accordingly, in the illustratedembodiment, the air cart 10 includes a storage tank 12 (having a lid13), a frame 14, wheels 16, a metering assembly 18, and one or more airsources 20. In the depicted embodiment, the air cart frame 14 may becoupled to the agricultural implement or an off-road work vehicle via ahitch 19. As such, the wheels 16 may contact the soil surface to enablethe air cart 10 to be towed. As will be appreciated, in someembodiments, the air cart 12 and the implement may be part of a singleunit.

Additionally, the storage tank 12 may centrally store the seeds beforedistribution. In some embodiments, the storage tank 12 may includemultiple compartments for storing various flowable granular products.For example, one compartment may include seeds, such as canola ormustard, and another compartment may include a dry fertilizer. In suchembodiments, the air cart 10 may distribute the seeds, the fertilizer,or a mixture thereof to the agricultural implement.

Furthermore, as depicted, the metering assembly 18 is coupled to thebottom of the storage tank 12. More specifically, the metering assembly18 may enable seeds stored in the storage tank 12 to be gravity fed intothe metering assembly 18. The metering system 18 may then control theflow of seeds into an air stream generated by the one or more airsources 20, thereby controlling seed distribution to the row units fordeposition into the soil. In some embodiments, the air sources 20 may bepumps or blowers powered by an electric or hydraulic motor, for example.

To more clearly illustrate, a schematic view of a pneumatic distributionsystem 21 is shown in FIG. 2. As illustrated, the pneumatic distributionsystem 21 includes first and second air sources 20A, 20B, the storagetank 12, and the metering assembly 18. More specifically, a firstprimary line 22 is used to guide an air stream 24 generated by the firstair source 20A past the metering assembly 18. It should be understoodthat a system having multiple metering assemblies 18 may have multipleprimary lines 22. For example, a second primary line 23 is shown fluidlycoupled to the second air source 20B. The first and second air sources20A, 20B may be configured to blow air at different rates. For example,an operator may use the first air source 20A running at low revolutionsper minute (rpm) and the first primary line 22 for low productdeposition rates. An operator may use the second air source 20B runningat high rpm and the second primary line 23 for high product depositionrates.

The metering assembly 18 includes a meter housing 27 and a meter roller28 to control the flow of seeds 26 into the air streams 24, 25. Althoughonly one meter roller 28 is depicted, in other embodiments the meteringassembly 18 may include multiple meter rollers 28 disposed adjacent toone another (e.g., along a lateral axis of the air cart).

As depicted, the meter roller 28 includes an interior cavity 30, whichmay receive a shaft that drives the meter roller 28 to rotate. In thedepicted embodiment, the cavity 30 has a hexagonal cross section.However, alternative embodiments may include various other cavityconfigurations (e.g., triangular, square, keyed, splined, etc.). In someembodiments, the shaft may be coupled to a drive unit, such as anelectric or hydraulic motor, to rotate the meter roller 28. Additionallyor alternatively, the meter roller 28 may be coupled to the wheel 16 ofthe air cart 10 by a gear assembly such that rotation of the wheel 16drives the meter roller 28 to rotate. Such a configuration automaticallyvaries the rotation rate of the meter roller 28 based on the speed ofthe air cart 10.

Additionally, the meter roller 28 may include multiple flutes 32 andrecesses 34. The number and geometry of the flutes 32 may be selected toaccommodate the seeds 26 being distributed. For example, in theillustrated embodiment, the meter roller 28 includes six flutes 32 and acorresponding number of recesses 34. In other embodiments, the meterroller 28 may include more or fewer flutes 32 and/or recesses 34. Forexample, the meter roller 28 may include 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18,20, or more flutes 32 and/or recesses 34. In addition, the depth of therecesses 34 and/or the height of the flutes 32 may be selected toaccommodate the agricultural product 26 within the storage tank 12. Forexample, a meter roller 28 having deeper recesses 34 and fewer flutes 32may be employed for larger seeds, while a meter roller having shallowerrecesses 34 and more flutes 32 may be employed for smaller seeds. Otherparameters such as flute pitch (i.e., angle of the flute relative to alongitudinal axis) and flute angle (i.e., angle of the flute relative toa radial axis) may also be varied in alternative embodiments.

The rotation rate of the meter roller 28 may control the flow of theseeds 26 into the air flows 24, 25. For example, as the meter roller 28rotates, seeds 26 held in a recess 34 of the meter roller 28 aretransferred through an outlet 36 into one of the first or second primarylines 22, 23. The seeds 26 may then be entrained in one of the airstream 24, 25, thereby forming an air/seed mixture 38. The mixture 38may then flow toward the row units of the agricultural implement, wherethe seeds and/or fertilizer are deposited within the soil.

As depicted, each of the primary lines 22, 23 converge from a firstcross-sectional area 40 to a second cross-sectional area 42 beforereaching the outlet 36, and then diverge to a third cross-sectional area46 once the air/seed mixture 38 is formed. As shown, the firstcross-sectional area 40, the second cross sectional area 42, and/or thethird cross-sectional area 46 may be different from one another.Differences in the static pressure in the storage tank 12, the staticpressure in the meter housing 27, and the static pressure in the primaryline 22, 23 being used may affect the flow rate of seeds 26 out of thestorage tank 12 and into the primary line 22, 23. Changes incross-sectional area of the primary line 22, 23 may create pressurevariations in the primary line 22, 23 (e.g., in a Venturi section 44)induced by the Venturi effect. Variations in the static pressure of thestorage tank 12, the static pressure in the meter housing 27, and thestatic pressure of the primary line 22, 23 may also result from factorsother than the Venturi effect. For example, when ΔP, the pressuredifferential across the meter roller 28, is greater than desired (e.g.,the static pressure in the storage tank 12 is more than a desired valueabove the static pressure in the meter housing 27 and/or the staticpressure in the primary line 22, 23 in use), seeds 26 may flow out ofthe storage tank 12 at a higher rate than desired. Alternatively, whenΔP is lower than desired (e.g., the static pressure in the primary line22, 23 in use and/or the static pressure in the metering section exceedsthe static pressure in the storage tank 12), seeds 26 may flow out ofthe storage tank 12 at a rate lower than desired, or not at all.

As such, one way to monitor the flow of seeds 26 into the primary line22, 23 is to measure ΔP, the pressure differential across the meterroller 28 (e.g., by monitoring the static pressure [PS1] in the storagetank 12, and the static pressure [PS2] in the meter housing 27, and/orthe static pressure [PS3, PS4] in the primary line 22, 23 through whichproduct is flowing, and to generate an alert for an operator when the ΔPfalls outside of the desired range. More specifically, a first pressuresensor 48 may be fluidly coupled to the storage tank 12 to facilitatedetermining PS1. A second pressure sensor 49 may be fluidly coupled tothe meter housing 27 (e.g., disposed inside the meter housing 27 at theedge of the meter roller 28) to facilitate determining PS2. A thirdpressure sensor 50 may be fluidly coupled to the first primary line 22to facilitate determining PS3, and a fourth pressure sensor 51 may befluidly coupled to the second primary line 23 to facilitate determiningPS4. If the pneumatic distribution system 21 includes more than oneprimary line 22, 23, as shown in FIG. 2, each primary line 22, 23 mayhave its own pressure sensor 50, 51. One advantage of having a pressuresensor fluidly coupled to the meter housing 27 (rather than a pressuresensor fluidly coupled to the primary lines 22, 23) is that inconfigurations with multiple primary lines 22, 23, only one pressuresensor 49 is utilized, rather than a pressure sensor 50, 51 for eachprimary line 22, 23. Each pressure sensor is configured to output arespective signal indicative of the detected pressure. As previouslydiscussed, it should be understood that any combination of pressuresensors may be possible. For example, in one embodiment, the pneumaticdistribution system 21 may include only the first pressure sensor 48 andthe second pressure sensor 49. In another embodiment, the system 21 mayinclude the first pressure sensor 48, the third pressure sensor 50, andthe fourth pressure sensor 51. In yet another embodiment, the system 21may include all four of the pressure sensors 48, 49, 50, and 51. Itshould be understood, however, that the specifically listed embodimentsare not intended to be limiting and are merely examples. Accordingly,many other combinations of pressure sensors, with additional or fewerpressure sensors may be possible. Furthermore, each of the pressuresensors may be positioned at any suitable location to detect therespective pressure. For example, the first pressure sensor 48 may bepositioned at any of a variety of locations within the storage tank.

To facilitate measuring the static pressures PS1, PS2, PS3, and PS4, acontroller 56 may be communicatively coupled to the first pressuresensor 48, the second pressure sensor 49, the third pressure sensor 50,and the fourth pressure sensor 51. The controller 56 may include aprocessor 60 and a memory 58. In some embodiments, the processor 60 mayinclude one or more general purpose processors, one or more applicationspecific integrated circuits, one or more field programmable gatearrays, or the like. Additionally, the memory 58 may be any tangible,non-transitory, computer readable medium that is capable of storinginstructions executable by the processor 60 and/or data that may beprocessed by the processor 60. In other words, the memory 58 may includevolatile memory, such as random access memory, or non-volatile memory,such as hard disk drives, read only memory, optical disks, flash memory,and the like. The controller 56 may also include communication circuitry62 for communication with an operator interface 64 via a wired orwireless connection.

The controller 56 may determine PS1 based on signals received from thefirst pressure sensor 48, PS2 based on the signals received from thesecond pressure sensor 49, PS3 based on signals received from the thirdpressure sensor 50, and PS4 based on signals received from the thirdpressure sensor 51. In some embodiments, the controller 56 may alsocalculate differences between measured pressures PS1, PS2, PS3, PS4, anddetermine whether the measured pressures and/or pressure differences arewithin a desired range. The desired range may be predetermined andstored within the memory 58, for example.

The operator interface 64 may be remote from the controller 56 (e.g., inthe cab of the vehicle towing the pneumatic distribution system 21), oradjacent to the controller 56. In some embodiments, the controller 56and the operator interface 64 may be combined into a single component.In such an embodiment, the controller 56 and the operator interface 64may share processors 60, 72, and/or memory components 58, 74.

The operator interface 64 may include a display 66, a user input 68,communication circuitry 70, a processor 72, and a memory component 74.The display 66 may a plasma display, a liquid crystal display (LCD), acathode ray tube (CRT) display, an array of LEDs, or some other display.The display 66 may be incorporated into the dashboard of the vehicletowing the system 21, or may be part of a smart phone, a tablet, a GPSdevice, a computer, or some other device used by the operator. The userinput 68 may be incorporated into the display 66 (e.g., a touchscreen)or separate from the display 66. The user input 68 may comprise akeyboard, a mouse, a touch pad, an array of buttons, or some otherinput.

The communication circuitry 70 of the operator interface 64 may beconfigured to communicate with the communication circuitry 62 of thecontroller 56 via a wired or wireless connection. The processor 72 mayinclude one or more general purpose processors, one or more applicationspecific integrated circuits, one or more field programmable gatearrays, and the like. The memory 74 may be any tangible, non-transitory,computer readable medium that is capable of storing instructionsexecutable by the processor 72 and/or data that may be processed by theprocessor 72. The memory 74 may include volatile memory, such as randomaccess memory, or non-volatile memory, such as hard disk drives, readonly memory, optical disks, flash memory, and the like.

It should be understood, however, that the embodiment described above ismerely one embodiment and that other configurations may be possible. Forexample, other embodiments may only have the first pressure sensor 48fluidly coupled to the storage tank 12 and the second pressure sensor 49fluidly coupled to the meter housing 27. Still other embodiments mayonly have the first pressure sensor 48 fluidly coupled to the storagetank 12 and third and/or fourth pressure sensors 50, 51 fluidly coupledto the primary lines 22, 23. Yet another embodiment may have the thirdand/or fourth pressure sensors 50, 51 fluidly coupled to the primarylines 22, 23 and a second pressure sensor 49 fluidly coupled to themeter housing 27. In each of these embodiments, the described techniquesmay be used to monitor pressures in the system 21 and generate an alertwhen the relationships between measured pressures are outside of arespective desired range. In some embodiments, the alerts or warningsgenerated by the controller 56 may recommend a course of action to theoperator or suggest that the operator check specific settings orcomponents.

As shown, a first pneumatic line 76 (e.g., hose, pipe, etc.) may befluidly coupled to the first air source 20A, and a second pneumatic line78 may be fluidly coupled to the second air source 20A. The first andsecond pneumatic lines 76, 78 may be fluidly coupled to a valve 80(e.g., a ball valve). The ball valve 80 may be fluidly coupled to athird pneumatic line 82 that is fluidly coupled to the tank 12. When theball valve 80 is in a first position, the first pneumatic line 76 isfluidly coupled to the tank 12, and thus, the first air source 20Apressures the tank 12. When the ball valve 80 is in a second position,the second pneumatic line 78 is fluidly coupled to the tank 12, andthus, the second air source 20B pressurizes the tank 12. In someembodiments, it may be desirable for the first air source 20A topressurize the tank 12 when the first primary line 22 is being used todistribute seeds 26 and for the second air source to 20B pressurize thetank 12 when the second primary line 23 is being used to distributeseeds 26. Accordingly, a warning generated by the controller 56 inresponse to pressure differential outside of the desired range maysuggest that the operator check the ball valve setting. Similarly, awarning generated by the controller 56 may suggest that the operatorcheck the lid 13 of the tank 12.

FIGS. 3-6 show one embodiment of the system 21 having the first pressuresensor 48 coupled to the product tank 12 and the second sensor 49coupled to the meter housing 27 just after (e.g., downstream of) themeter roller 28 termination edge. FIG. 3 is a side view of one meterbank 100 of the pneumatic distribution system 21. A meter bank 100comprises one or more metering assemblies 18 that receive seeds 26, orother product, from a single storage tank 12. An embodiment of thepneumatic distribution system 21 may include one or more meter banks100, each with a pair of pressure sensors 48, 49. As shown in FIG. 3,the first pressure sensor 48 may be coupled to a side 102 of the tank12. The second sensor 49 may be coupled to a side of the meter housing27, downstream of the meter roller 28 termination edge. For example, thesecond sensor 49 may be disposed substantially adjacent to the middle ofthe meter housing 27, at the meter roller 27 discharge area.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the meter bank 100 shown in FIG. 3. Inthe embodiment shown, the meter bank 100 comprises ten meteringassemblies 18, however, the meter bank 100 may include any number ofmetering assemblies 18. As previously discussed, seeds 26 or otherproduct disposed in the tank 12 is fed into the various meteringassemblies 18 for distribution into the various primary lines 22. Thetank 12 may be outfitted with one or more ports 104 installed on theside of the tank for coupling one or more pressure sensors 48 to thetank 12 for determining PS1, the static pressure inside the tank 12. Asshown in FIG. 4, the ports 104 may be disposed on the side 102 of thetank 12. In one embodiment, there may only be one pressure sensor 48 pertank 12. In other embodiments, there may be multiple pressure sensors 48per tank 12. Furthermore, a tank may be outfitted with more than oneadapter fitting 104, as shown in FIG. 4, but only a single pressuresensor 48.

FIG. 5 is a perspective detail view of the meter bank 100 shown in FIGS.3 and 4. As previously discussed, the metering assemblies 18 receiveseeds 26 or other product from the tank 12. The meter rollers 28 rotatewithin meter housings 27, affecting the rate at which seeds 26 aredistributed to the primary lines 22, 23. Each meter housing 27 mayinclude a port 106 disposed at the roller discharge area, downstream ofthe meter roller 28. The second pressure sensor 49 may be coupled to oneor more of the ports 106 for determining PS2, the pressure in the meterhousing 27 downstream of the meter roller 28. Though only one of theports 106 shown in FIG. 5 has a pressure sensor 49 attached, it shouldbe understood that any or all of the ports 106 may be coupled to arespective pressure sensor 49.

FIG. 6 is a detail side view of the meter bank 100. FIG. 6 shows twoports 104 coupled to the side 102 of the tank 12, though any number ofports 104 may be provided. An adapter fitting 108 and pressure sensor 48may be coupled to one or more of the ports 104. Though only one of theports 104 shown has an adapter fitting 108 and a pressure sensor 48attached, any number of ports 104 may be coupled to a respective adapterfitting 108 and pressure sensor 48. Similarly, each metering assembly 18shown includes the port 106 attached to the meter housing 27. The secondpressure sensor 49 is shown attached to one of the ports 106 such thatthe meter bank 100 includes a single pressure sensor downstream of themeter rollers 28. However, any number of the metering assemblies 18 mayhave a pressure sensor 49 coupled to the meter housing 27 downstream ofthe meter roller 28.

The embodiment shown in FIGS. 3-6 include one pressure sensor 48disposed on the non-pressurized leg of the tank 12 ladder fordetermining PS1, the static pressure in the tank, and a second pressuresensor 49 disposed downstream of the meter roller 28 for determiningPS2, the static pressure in the meter housing 27 downstream of the meterroller 28. It should be understood, however, that other embodiments mayinclude additional pressure sensors in these or other locations. Bysubtracting the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 48 upstream ofthe meter roller 28 (e.g., on the side 102 of the tank 12) and thepressure detected by the pressure sensor 49 downstream of the meterroller 28 (e.g., on the meter housing 27 at the roller discharge area),ΔP, the pressure differential across the meter roller 28 may bedetermined. If the measured pressures PS1, PS2, and/or ΔP falls outsideof a desired range, an alert may be generated and provided to theoperator (e.g., via the operator interface 64). It should be understood,however, that the embodiment shown in FIGS. 3-6 and described in thecorresponding discussion is merely one embodiment and that otherembodiments may be possible. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, one ormore pressure sensors 50, 51 may be coupled to each of the primary lines22, 23 and configured to measure PS3, the static pressure in the firstprimary line 22, and PS4, the static pressure in the second primary line23. These pressure sensors 50, 51 may replace or be in addition to thepressure sensor 49 coupled to the meter housing 27.

FIG. 7 is a flow chart of a process 120 for monitoring pressures in apneumatic distribution system 21. In block 122, the controller 56monitors the PS1, static pressure in the tank 12, and PS2, the staticpressure in the meter housing 27 at the meter discharge area. In someembodiments, however, the controller 56 may monitor PS1, static pressurein the tank 12, and either PS3, the static pressure in the first primaryline 22, or PS4, the static pressure in the second primary line 22,depending upon which primary line 22, 23 is in use, instead of or inaddition to PS2. The controller may also determine ΔP, the pressuredifferential across the meter assembly 18 based on PS1, PS2, PS3, and/orPS4.

In decision 126, the controller 56 determines whether the PS1 is belowthe set threshold value. As with the desired range for ΔP, the PS1threshold may be set directly (e.g., the threshold input by the user) orindirectly (e.g., threshold determined by an algorithm based on factorssuch as desired feed rate, conditions, speed of the vehicle, type ofproduct, etc.). For example, the PS1 threshold may be any value betweenabout 0.1 and 1 kPa. For example, the PS1 threshold may be about 0.1,0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, or 1 kPa. If PS1 is below thethreshold value for a period of time (e.g., about five seconds), thecontroller generates an insufficient tank pressure warning (block 128),and outputs the warning to the operator interface 64 for display to theoperator. As with the desired ΔP ranges and PS1 threshold, the period oftime that triggers a warning may be directly or indirectly set, or theperiod of time may be written into the software code. After the warningis generated, the controller 56 may return to monitoring pressureswithin the system 21 (block 122). If PS1 is equal to or greater than thePS1 threshold, the controller 56 proceeds to decision 130.

At decision 130, the controller 56 determines whether ΔP is below thedesired range for a period of time (e.g., about five seconds). Thedesired range may be set directly (e.g., the specific range limits inputby the user) or indirectly (e.g., range limits determined by analgorithm based on factors such as desired feed rate, conditions, speedof the vehicle, type of product, etc.). The desired range may be stored,such as in the memory 58. For example, a bottom end of the desired rangefor ΔP may be any value between about 0 and 1 kPa. For example, thebottom end of the desired range for ΔP may be about 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3,0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, or 1 kPa. If ΔP is below the desired rangefor the set period of time, the controller 56 generates an insufficientΔP warning (block 132), and outputs the warning to the operatorinterface 64 for display to the operator. After the warning isgenerated, the controller 56 may return to monitoring pressures withinthe system 21 (block 122). If ΔP is not below the desired ΔP range, thecontroller 56 proceeds to decision 134.

At decision 134, the controller 56 determines whether ΔP is above thedesired range for a period of time (e.g., about thirty seconds). A topend of the desired range for ΔP may be any value between 1.5 and 3.5kPa. For example, the top end of the desired range for ΔP may be about1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8,2.9, 3, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, or 3.5 kPa. If ΔP is above the desired rangefor the set period of time, the controller 56 generates an excessive ΔPwarning (block 136), and outputs the warning to the operator interface64 for display to the operator. After the warning is generated, thecontroller 56 may return to monitoring pressures within the system 21(block 122). If ΔP is not above the desired ΔP range, the controller 56may return to monitoring pressures within the system 21 (block 122).

FIG. 8 shows one embodiment of a screen that may be displayed to theoperator via the display 66 of the operator interface 64. As the user isoperating the pneumatic distribution system 21, screen 160, or a similarscreen may be displayed to the operator inside of the cab of the vehicletowing the system 21. The screen 160 may include various images and/ordata fields that allow the operator to monitor the operations of thesystem 21. For example, the pressure detected by the respective pressuresensors, the calculated pressure differential, and/or the desired rangemay be displayed on the display 66 of the interface 64. The bell icon162 may indicate that one or more warning have been generated by thecontrol system 56. As will be discussed in more detail with regard toFIGS. 9-11, in some embodiments, the warnings generated by thecontroller 56 may be displayed as popups, or the bell icon 162 mayappear, prompting the operator to view the warnings. The operatorinterface 64 may use various techniques to gain the operator'sattention. For example, the operator interface 64 may use noises, brightlights, flashing, and the like to obtain the operator's attention.Additionally, as shown in FIG. 8, a number may be displayed along withthe bell icon 162 that indicates the number of warnings awaiting theoperator. For example, if the controller 56 has generated threewarnings, a number “3” may be displayed along with the bell icon 162. Insome embodiment, audible warnings may additionally or alternatively beprovided (e.g., via a speaker).

FIG. 9 is one embodiment of an insufficient tank pressure (PS1) warning164. As shown, the insufficient tank pressure warning 164 may include awarning that the tank 12 pressure (PS1) is low, as well as anidentification of which tank 12 has low pressure, and one or morepossible actions for the operator to take to resolve the issue (e.g.,check the tank lid 13 seal). The warning 164 may arise if the measuredtank pressure PS1 is below a set threshold value. The warning 164 may bedisplayed on the display 66 of the operator interface 64 as a pop up, orthe warning 164 may be displayed after the user selects an icon (e.g.,bell icon 162) on the main screen 160. In some embodiment, audiblewarnings may additionally or alternatively be provided (e.g., via aspeaker).

FIG. 10 is one embodiment of an insufficient ΔP warning 166. As shown,the insufficient ΔP warning 166 may include a warning that the ΔP(pressure differential across the metering assembly 18) is low, as wellas an identification of which tank 12 is affected, and one or morepossible actions for the operator to take to resolve the issue (e.g.,check the ball valve 80 setting and the tank lid 13 seal). The warning166 may arise if the difference between the static pressure (PS1)upstream of the metering assembly 18 and static pressure (PS2, PS3, orPS4) downstream of the metering assembly 18 is below a desired range.The warning 166 may be displayed on the display 66 of the operatorinterface 64 as a pop up, or the warning 166 may be displayed after theuser selects an icon (e.g., bell icon 162) on the main screen 160. Insome embodiment, audible warnings may additionally or alternatively beprovided (e.g., via a speaker).

FIG. 11 is one embodiment of an excessive ΔP warning 168. As shown, theexcessive ΔP warning 168 may include a warning that the ΔP (pressuredifferential across the metering assembly 18) is high, as well as anidentification of which tank 12 is affected, and one or more possibleactions for the operator to take to resolve the issue (e.g., check theball valve setting). The warning 168 may arise if the difference betweenthe static pressure (PS1) upstream of the metering assembly 18 and thestatic pressure (PS2, PS3, or PS4) downstream of the metering assembly18 is above a desired range. The warning 168 may be displayed on thedisplay 66 of the operator interface 64 as a pop up, or the warning 168may be displayed after the user selects an icon (e.g., bell icon 162) onthe main screen 160. In some embodiment, audible warnings mayadditionally or alternatively be provided (e.g., via a speaker).

FIG. 12 shows an alternate embodiment of the pneumatic distributionsystem 21. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 12, rather than using apressure sensor 48 upstream of the metering assembly 18 and a pressuresensor 49, 50 downstream of the metering assembly 18, the system 21 usesa single differential pressure sensor 190 that is fluidly coupled to thetank 12 on one side and fluidly coupled to the meter housing 27 or theprimary line 22 on the other side. Rather than receiving signalsindicative of static pressure from various pressure sensors 48, 49, 50,51, the controller 56 receives a signal from the differential pressuresensor 190 that is indicative of ΔP, the pressure differential acrossthe meter roller 28. As with previously described embodiments, thesystem 21 may monitor ΔP and generate warnings for an operator when themeasured ΔP values fall outside of the desired range.

FIG. 13 is a flow chart of a process 200 for monitoring ΔP, the pressuredifferential across the meter roller 28, in a pneumatic distributionsystem 21. In block 202, the controller 56 monitors ΔP based on areading from the pressure differential sensor 190.

At decision 206, the controller 56 determines whether ΔP is below thedesired range for a period of time (e.g., about five seconds). Thedesired range may be set directly (e.g., the range limits input by theuser) or indirectly (e.g., range limits determined by an algorithm basedon factors such as desired feed rate, conditions, speed of the vehicle,type of product, etc.). For example, the bottom end of the desired rangefor ΔP may be any value between about 0 and 1 kPa. For example, thebottom end of the desired range for ΔP may be about 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3,0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, or 1 kPa. If ΔP is below the desired rangefor the set period of time, the controller 56 generates an insufficientΔP warning (block 208), and outputs the warning to the operatorinterface 64 for display to the operator. After the warning isgenerated, the controller 56 may return to monitoring ΔP within thesystem 21 (block 202). If ΔP is not below the desired ΔP range, thecontroller 56 proceeds to decision 210.

At decision 210, the controller determines whether ΔP is above thedesired range for a period of time (e.g., about thirty seconds). The topend of the desired range for ΔP may be any value between 1.5 and 3.5kPa. For example, the top end of the desired range for ΔP may be about1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8,2.9, 3, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, or 3.5 kPa. If ΔP is above the desired rangefor the set period of time, the controller 56 generates an excessive ΔPwarning (block 212), and outputs the warning to the operator interface64 for display to the operator. After the warning is generated, thecontroller 56 may return to monitoring ΔP within the system 21 (block202). If ΔP is not above the desired ΔP range, the controller 56 mayreturn to monitoring pressures within the system 21 (block 202).

As previously discussed, other embodiments may be possible based onvarious pressure sensor locations. For example, similar techniques maybe used to monitor and control a difference between PS1 and PS3, PS1 andPS2, and the like such that a warning is generated when thresholdpressures or acceptable differences between the measured pressureupstream of the meter roller 28 and the measured pressure downstream ofthe meter roller 28 is not maintained.

Accordingly, embodiments described herein may provide the technicalbenefit of improving consistency of seed distribution in an agriculturalproduct distribution system. More specifically, a warning may begenerated when measured pressures or pressure differentials fall outsideof desired ranges.

While only certain features of the invention have been illustrated anddescribed herein, many modifications and changes will occur to thoseskilled in the art. It is, therefore, to be understood that the appendedclaims are intended to cover all such modifications and changes as fallwithin the true spirit of the invention.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A pneumatic distribution system configuredto distribute a granular product to an agricultural implement, whereinthe pneumatic distribution system comprises: a first pressure sensorconfigured to be fluidly coupled to a storage tank configured to storethe granular product and positioned upstream of the meter roller,wherein the first pressure sensor is configured to output a first signalindicative of a first static pressure in the storage tank; a secondpressure sensor configured to be fluidly coupled to a component of thepneumatic distribution system, downstream of the meter roller, whereinthe second pressure sensor is configured to output a second signalindicative of a second static pressure downstream of the meter roller;and a controller communicatively coupled to the first pressure sensorand to the second pressure sensor, wherein the controller is configuredto: determine a pressure differential, wherein the pressure differentialis the difference between the first static pressure and the secondstatic pressure; generate a first warning when the first static pressureis below a threshold value, wherein the first warning includes a firstrecommended action, and output the first warning to an operatorinterface; generate a second warning when the pressure differential isbelow a desired range, wherein the second warning includes a secondrecommended action, and output the second warning to the operatorinterface; and generate a third warning when the pressure differentialis above the desired range, wherein the third warning includes a thirdrecommended action, and output the third warning to the operatorinterface.
 2. The pneumatic distribution system of claim 1, wherein thecomponent is a meter housing, and the second static pressure is a staticpressure in the meter housing.
 3. The pneumatic distribution system ofclaim 1, wherein the operator interface comprises a display, and theoperator interface is configured to display the first, second, and thirdwarnings on the display.
 4. The pneumatic distribution system of claim1, wherein the meter roller is fluidly coupled between the storage tankand a primary line, and the meter roller is configured to adjust outputof the granular product from the storage tank into the primary line. 5.The pneumatic distribution system of claim 1, wherein the first pressuresensor is fluidly coupled to the storage tank via an adapter fitting. 6.The pneumatic distribution system of claim 1, wherein the thresholdvalue for the first static pressure is between about 0.1 and 1 kPa, andthe desired range for the pressure differential is between about 0 and3.5 kPa.
 7. The pneumatic distribution system of claim 1, wherein thethreshold value for the first static pressure is about 0.5 kPa, and thedesired range for the pressure differential is between about 0 and 2.5kPa.
 8. The pneumatic distribution system of claim 1, wherein thecomponent is a primary line, and the second static pressure is a staticpressure in the primary line.
 9. A pneumatic distribution systemconfigured to distribute a granular product to an agriculturalimplement, wherein the pneumatic distribution system comprises: one ormore pressure sensors configured to be fluidly coupled to a storage tankconfigured to store the granular product and to a component of thepneumatic distribution system downstream of a meter roller, wherein theone or more pressure sensors are configured to output one or moresignals indicative of a pressure differential across the meter roller;and a controller communicatively coupled to the one or more pressuresensors, wherein the controller is configured to: generate a firstwarning when the pressure differential is below a desired range, whereinthe first warning includes a first recommended action, and output thefirst warning to an operator interface; and generate a second warningwhen the pressure differential is above the desired range, wherein thesecond warning includes a second recommended action, and output thesecond warning to the operator interface, wherein the operator interfacecomprises a display, and the operator interface is configured to displaythe first and second warnings on the display.
 10. The pneumaticdistribution system of claim 9, wherein the desired range for thepressure differential is between about 0 and 3.5 kPa.
 11. The pneumaticdistribution system of claim 9, wherein the desired range for thepressure differential is between about 0 and 2.5 kPa.